I know it's been a while since you asked the question, so maybe you already know the answer, but you said:

{
  ...
  "permissions": [
    "webRequest",
    "webRequestBlocking",
    "storage",
    "tabs"
  ],
  ...
}

You should make that:

{
  ...
  "permissions": [
    "webRequest",
    "webRequestBlocking",
    "storage",
    "tabs",
    "*://*/*"
  ],
  ...
}

You need permission to intercept the URLs. When you specify the urls property for the filter, that's all it does: filter. If you don't have permission for the URLs, then there's nothing going in the filter, so there's nothing coming out.

You should replace chrome with browser, as you said you did. Sooner or later chrome will go away.

Depending on what else you're doing, you probably don't need tabs. You definitely don't need it for the snippet in the question.