In essence, both native federation and module federation enable lazy loading of modules or components at runtime that are unknown during compilation. The key difference is that module federation relies on Webpack for both splitting and loading, which ties you to the Webpack. Although there are some new developments for RSPack as well. On the other hand, native federation uses esbuild for splitting, but loading happens via import maps, a Web standard (https://github.com/WICG/import-maps). This makes it independent of any specific bundler. For obvious reasons, I'd go with native federation.