Update SQL Server 2022+

You can now do this with GENERATE_SERIES in SQL Server 2022+ with the syntax GENERATE_SERIES(<start>, <stop> [, <step>]) like this:

SELECT value FROM GENERATE_SERIES(1, 24);

Output

value
-----
1
2
...
23
24

Demo in SQL Fiddle

Further Reading: My Favorite T-SQL Enhancements in SQL Server 2022