I found the .log file you get from the error dialog was referencing a much older version of the SSIS extension. I have visual studio community 2017 installed on the machine with the ssis extension, and it is somehow conflicting with that. I can't uninstall it, so I just put it on another machine which has not previously had SSIS on it and it worked.

To verify this, you follow the paths shown in the log file and see that they go to older SSIS payloads.