I have faced the same issue since the macOS 15 upgrade. The best workaround that at least lets me achieve consistent builds is as follows:

1. Locate the folder with the .ipa file by revealing the Products -> Your app in finder
2. Remove the .ipa file in that folder (just one file)
3. Start the build.
4. Repeat the step 2 EVERY TIME before staring the build

Note: in case the build system is blocked, kill the CoreDeviceService process and try again.