Replace localhost with 127.0.0.1.
For example, http://127.0.0.1:1337/api/hello-world?locale=es-ES&populate=* by changing strapiURL from http://localhost:1337 to http://127.0.0.1:1337.
Apparently, it's a Node >17 feature that affects $fetch. Read more here: https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/issues/12358.