I wrote a small C program that lists all Windows locales, LCID, and associated character encodings (and windows code pages).
The code is available on Github: https://github.com/lovasoa/lcid-to-codepage
The resulting exhaustive mapping between LCID and charset is visible here as a CSV: https://github.com/lovasoa/lcid-to-codepage/blob/main/windows_locales_extended.csv