If you want the app to display the permission pop up again, the only way to do this is to uninstall the Expo Go app and reinstall it.
Here's a link to the Expo docs on this topic:
Disabling the permissions via the settings does undo the permission, but it will not lead to the app displaying the pop up again.
Apparently, this is not a bug or limitation, but an OS-level restriction imposed by both Android and iOS.