Beside all the recommendations (none of which resolved my issue), what fixed my issue is this:
This issue is started after I created a new target and occurs only when I try to archive a bundle to submit (not observed while running application in test devices or simulators). In this new target, I included only pod 'Firebase******' in its corresponding pods list, for which I thought this was enough. But it seems that those pods require GoogleUtilities and new target produces it itself and this causes duplicate frameworks. Even though I am not exactly sure and this may not be the reason, what I observed is also including pod 'GoogleUtilities' in the new target and this resolved my issue.