If cmd won't work outside VS Code, go to the registry (regedit) and delete

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun

as suggested in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnZu6HNmIiY

That worked for me, and also solved installation issues for newer versions of Anaconda and Miniconda.

WARNING! Some commenters of the video say that deleting this key causes the explorer to not launch after rebooting. If that happens, launch the explorer by other means and then consider creating the key again.