Looks like there was some issue with lower libv8 versions and newer bundler version.

Update of bundler to 2.4.22 and mini_racer to 0.6.4 worked, because higher version of mini_racer (0.6.4) has higher dependency: libv8-node (~> 16.19.0.0), where the error is fixed.

Gemfile:

gem 'mini_racer', '~> 0.6.4'

Run locally before deploy:

bundle _2.4.22_ install