Change the homepage name!!! I had similar problem - homepage not looking right missing images / modules. I (logged in)went into the template - homepage settings changed homepage to a completely different page with same modules and with different name , saved that setting and logged out, then viewed the new page on the browser(whilst logged out). The new page displayed correctly then (logged in )reset the homepage back to original and logged out and checked on browser. The original page now looked correct. So it is to do with cache(database , browser or otherwise) I think although I refreshed database etc the browser or database was referring to a previous version cached and not displaying the page correctly.

This is probably because my site was being developed and I was building and testing the page continuously (same thing on my mobile phone it was not displaying because I was also testing on that too). The homepage switch fixed that as well.

You could rename the page and that would trick/force the browsers/database to rewrite the final version which is basically what I did. I also tested on another computer prior and had noted similar problem even though the page had not even be loaded which leads me to believe that by switching between pages helped rewrite the data files correctly on the server end.