Your Controller will be like:
#[Route('/place_payment/{id}', name: 'place_payment', methods: ['GET', 'POST'])]
public function addPayment(Request $request, Place $place, int $id): Response
{
$idPayment = (int) $request->query->get('idPayment');
And your TWIG will be like:
{% for payment in existingPayments %}
<a href="{{ path('user_place_payment', {'id': place.id, 'idPayment': payment.id }) }}">{{ payment.name }} - delete this payment method</a><br><br>
{% endfor %}
{% for payment in missingPayments %}
<a href="{{ path('user_place_payment', {'id': place.id, 'idPayment': payment.id }) }}">{{ payment.name }} - add this payment method</a><br><br>
{% endfor %}
So, you get URL like your_server/place_payment/103?idPayment=3