Short answer:

Most likely, Yes. The phrases like are:

• Sequence Rules, or
• Order of Operations

Long answer:

So, to answer the question, "[Is there an] umbrella term to refer to both operator precedence and associativity?", please consider below:

I would say, yes, there is such an umbrella term for such programming phrases. After some digging, I might be able to answer my own question that was posted here on stack exchange. This answer will be provided from two angles)

• Angle 1): the Commonsense Angle
• Angle 2): Documentation derived Angle

Commonsense Angle (Ad-hoc/Working Solution)

Without considering authoritative and/or official documentation, one may use a commonsense ad-hoc term such as "order of operations". This phrase, in itself, is virtually self-explanatory and most would understand that this likely refers to concepts such as operator associativity and/or operator precedence and borrows from the mathematical concept as it pertains to the BEDMA mnemonic. So, commonsense wise, "Order of Operations" is a sufficient ad-hoc umbrella term.

Documentation-derived Angle (Best Fit/Most Probable Solution)

After scouring through the documentation (the online CPP reference guide), it seems that the term is most likely "Sequence Rules".

Conclusion:

Yes, the best answer is "Sequence Rules", which is followed by the commonsense answer of "order of operations".