Just stumbled upon this problem today, 2024. How can this still be an issue? Mesmerizing...
I mean, (negative-)margins for images should work the same on desktop as on mobiles, right, can we all agree on that? Well, they don't. That's a bummer :(
It's kind of awful that you can't use Developer Tools to simulate the bug as well - since Chromium handles it as "desktop" even if you choose a device.