I found the problem! The camera model I am using does not support the enumeration values passed in the code!

if (err == EDS_ERR_OK)
{
    EdsUInt32 ImageQuality;
    switch (GLOBAL->getCameraImageQuality())
    {
    case 0:
        ImageQuality = EdsImageQuality_S3JF;
        break;
    case 1:
        ImageQuality = EdsImageQuality_S2JF;
        break;
    case 2:
        ImageQuality = EdsImageQuality_S1JF;
        break;
    case 3:
        ImageQuality = EdsImageQuality_MJF;
        break;
    case 4:
        ImageQuality = EdsImageQuality_LJF;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    err = EdsSetPropertyData(camera, kEdsPropID_ImageQuality, 0, sizeof(ImageQuality), &ImageQuality);
}

Just replace it！