AWS RDS doesn't provide granular details about the source IP addresses of incoming connections directly within the console.

However you could try few indirect methods like -

Enable VPC Flow Logs: If you have Configured VPC Flow Logs for the VPC where your RDS instance resides,This will capture information about network traffic, including source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, and protocol.

Check Ingress rules : Ingress rules of the security group associated with your RDS instance will reveal the IP address ranges that are allowed to connect to the database.

Also check the AWS CloudWatch Logs Insights.