There is a specific service called "Azure NAT Gateway"

• Create a VNet and their sub-nets
• Create a PIP (Public IP address)
• Create the "Azure NAT Gateway" and asociate it to the VNet, and the previously created PIP.

All the outbound traffic of the VNet will be redirected to the PIP through the "Azure NAT Gateway".

Read the documentation for the details https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/nat-gateway/nat-overview