To resolve this issue, I needed need to set residentKey: "required" in authenticatorSelection in order to create a passkey on the device. In the function residentKey was set to 0 and that caused the passkey not to be saved on the Android even though the registration was successful. Finally, I needed to set the value to 1 to make it work.

// Define parameters
let url = '&apple=0&yubico=0&solo=0&hypersecu=0&google=0&microsoft=0&mds=0';
    url += '&requireResidentKey=1&type_usb=1&type_nfc=1&type_ble=1&type_int=1&type_hybrid=1';
    url