Building on top of Yerke's answer: modgraphviz from the experimental package can be used to convert the output into a Graphviz-readable format.

• Install with go install golang.org/x/exp/cmd/modgraphviz@latest
• Run with go mod graph | modgraphviz
  • I opted to filter out Go/Google packages and output to a PNG:

   go mod graph | grep -vE 'cloud.google.com|golang.org|google.golang.org' | modgraphviz | dot -Tpng -o graph.png