When using a ps1 file, actually you need to change your script, replace the line
New-PSDrive -Name [Drive Letter] -PSProvider FileSystem -Root "\\[Azure URL]\[Path]" -Persist
to:
net use [Drive Letter]: "\\[Azure URL]\[Path]" /persistent:yes
Using New-PSDrive will map the Drive only while the script is running, and using -Scope "Global" will map the drive while the PS session is not terminated, in other words, the map will go after you reboot the computer.