1. Ensure R's Encoding Is Set Correctly You can specify the encoding that R should use for character input and output. The most common encoding for characters in the terminal is UTF-8. You can check and set the encoding in R as follows:

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Check current encoding

Sys.getlocale()

Set the locale to UTF-8 (this works for most systems)

Sys.setlocale("LC_CTYPE", "en_US.UTF-8") 2. Check Your Terminal’s Encoding Ensure that the terminal where you're running R supports Unicode and is set to display characters correctly. For example:

In Linux, the terminal typically uses UTF-8 by default, but you may need to configure it manually. In Windows, make sure your console supports Unicode characters (you might want to use RStudio or Windows Terminal, which supports UTF-8 more effectively). In macOS, the default terminal also uses UTF-8. You can try setting the terminal's encoding to UTF-8 by running:

bash Copy code chcp 65001 # For Windows command prompt to set UTF-8 3. Printing Unicode Characters Directly If you're working with characters like ° (degree symbol), you can print them directly using their Unicode escape sequences. For example:

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Example printing the degree symbol

cat("\u00B0") # Prints the degree symbol (°) Or simply use the character:

R Copy code cat("The temperature is 25°C\n") # Prints "The temperature is 25°C" 4. Saving to Files with Correct Encoding If you're saving output to a file, ensure that the file is being written with the correct encoding. For example, when writing to a text file:

R Copy code writeLines("The temperature is 25°C", "output.txt", useBytes = TRUE) Make sure the file is saved with UTF-8 encoding, which most modern text editors support.

5. Inspect the Unicode Representation If you're still seeing the Unicode escape sequence like <U+00B0>, it might be because R is printing the internal encoding representation rather than the character itself. You can inspect the character as follows:

R Copy code charToRaw("\u00B0") This will show the raw byte sequence of the character.

By ensuring proper encoding both in R and in your terminal, you should be able to see the actual characters instead of their Unicode escape sequences.