@Rustam Gasanov's answer is the correct answer, but the latest version has changed the settings file path, Since I can't continue writing the latest config file path below the comment (not enough reputation points), I will write a new comment to supplement that answer.

This is usually because the value for the Virtual Disk Limit has been exhausted.

Just change the value in the config file and restart it:

du -sh ~/Library/Containers/com.docker.docker // Check how much does docker data currently occupy

cat ~/Library/Group\ Containers/group.com.docker/settings-store.json
{
  ...
  "diskSizeMiB": 51200,
  ...
}