According to the documentation on Font Size (https://tailwindcss.com/docs/font-size#arbitrary-values)

You would need to use text-[...px] instead of font-size-[...px].

Something like

@layer components {
    .h1 {
        @apply sm:text-[33px] md:text-[35px] lg:text-[43px];
    }
}

should work.