I got this issue as well, however complaining about the rack version.

I rolled back then my passenger from 6.0.23 to 6.0.17 and it worked.

No idea, how to troubleshoot this with the recent passenger version. I removed the rack version it was complaining about. Then I got "rack is missing", even version 2.2.10 according the Gemfile was installed. So I suspect, that there is something wrong in passenger 6.0.23.