With the SFAPI, use a query like this:

query GetProduct($id: ID!) {
  product(id: $id) {
    collections(first: 250) {
      nodes {
        title
        description
        # ...more data as needed
      }
    }
  }
}

And the variable:

{
  "id": "gid://shopify/Product/123"
}

On the admin panel, you can install the GraphiQL app to test both Storefront and Admin api: https://shopify.dev/docs/storefronts/headless/building-with-the-storefront-api/api-exploration/graphiql-storefront-api