I had this issue and tried all of the suggested things but nothing worked.
Finally I first ran pod search firebase
that will show you what versions your setup can currently see on the cdn. For some reason pod repo update did nothing.
so i ran pod remove trunk
and then pod setup
after that i ran pod search firebase
now I could see all the way to 11.5 where as before i could see max of 10.10 . After that pod install worked just fine