Does \parenthesize do what you need?

example = {
  \override  Score.BarNumber.break-visibility = ##(#t #t #t)
  \set Score.barNumberVisibility = #all-bar-numbers-visible
  \override  Score.BarNumber.break-visibility = #end-of-line-invisible
  \time 2/4
  \partial 8 \parenthesize e8 |
  a2 | b2 | c2 | \partial 8*3 d4. \bar "||" 
  \break
  \partial 8 \parenthesize e8 |
  \set Score.currentBarNumber = 5
  a2 | c2 | b2 | a2 \bar "|."
}