Installing Visual Studio (Community) 2022 will install the missing parts enabling you to run your app on GraalVM.
I had a Spring Boot app that I ran on GraalVM (to benefit for the instant startup), I had to:
Download the Visual Studio Build Tools 2022 or later (C development environment) from visualstudio.microsoft.com.
Start the installation by opening the file you downloaded, and then click Continue:
Select the Desktop development with C++ checkbox in the main window. On the right side under Installation Details, make sure that the two requirements, Windows 11 SDK and MSVC (…) C++ x64/x86 build tools, are selected. Continue by clicking Install.
Then, I used Visual Code and not Visual Studio. (the terminal uses the Visual Studio components)
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