Tested on Xcode 16.2 RC, still has the same error. One workaround is to set the Metal Language Revision to 3.2.

However, this version was introduced with iOS 18, and it's strange that it still works on iOS 17 devices. I don't know if it has any side effects.

Or copy the Xcode 15 framework. However, as the framework is from iOS 17, by doing the steps from @aferriss, you'll lose new iOS 18 Core Image API. I also collect the Xcode 15 files here, so you don't need to download it again.