I just implemented it myself in my new github repository "mvfki/ggfla". Not yet submitted to CRAN though. This should be a better solution for now as I don't hide the original axis and draw segments pretending the axis, but replace the axis elements themselves with what are wanted.

library(ggfla)
ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) +
    geom_point() +
    theme_axis_shortArrow()

Click to see the image ->demo-ggfla. Sadly I don't have minimum reputation to post images.

Other settings stay the same with original ggplot2 flavor. Modify the x-/y-axis titles with xlab() or ylab() and etc.