Automatic Call to Parent Constructor: If a constructor does not explicitly call a parent class constructor, most programming languages will automatically call the no-argument constructor of the parent class. 2. Explicit Call: You can explicitly call a parent class constructor using keywords like super (in Java, Python, etc.) or base (in C#). 3. Order: The chaining always moves from the top of the hierarchy (the most distant parent) down to the most derived class. Test