This is not something I have encountered but there are some possible causes that come to mind:

1. Polling trigger is used. This can be inconsistent, check Event based implementation.

2. Chosen plan. Consumption plan can have up-to 10 minutes delay. So if you have your development environment or both environments using consumption plan results can be inconsistent.

3. Using Always On for App Service. If there are differences between environments, this can cause issues (mostly slowness, perhaps missed events)

4. And also I would check that the environments are actually separate and that there are no hidden dependencies (using same App Service, etc.)

This part also says that