You can have full control over the position of data labels with x and y API options: https://api.highcharts.com/highcharts/series.column.data.dataLabels.x

Sample code setting:

series: [{
    data: [{
        y: 5,
        dataLabels: {
            x: 10,
            y: -10
        }
    }, {
        y: 7,
        dataLabels: {
            x: -10,
            y: 20
        }
    }, {
        y: 3,
        dataLabels: {
            x: 15,
            y: 5
        }
    }]
}],

See the full demo: https://jsfiddle.net/BlackLabel/gn8tvuhq/