The above mentioned third party extension "View Latest Test Results" can be added only to a Test Case. And it is the only one extension of that type and it is the only way to find links of a test case to the artifacts in the Test Plan (Test suites, Test Results) via Azure DevOps Board's Query. Association with a User Story can be determined if your test case is linked to a user story and you create a query that shows linked test cases. They you have to open each test case one by one and look at what extension shows. Surely there is a way to use Azure DevOps REST API and do any type of custom coding.