As mentioned in https://stackoverflow.com/a/55146310 OTHER type can be used instead of VARCHAR for enums.

For Spring Data JDBC it can be achieved with a custom converter.

@Configuration
public class CustomJdbcConfiguration extends AbstractJdbcConfiguration {

    @Override
    @Nonnull
    protected List<?> userConverters() {
        return List.of(new MyEnumConverter());
    }

    @WritingConverter
    public static class MyEnumConverter implements Converter<MyEnum, JdbcValue> {
        @Override
        public JdbcValue convert(@Nonnull MyEnum source) {
            return JdbcValue.of(source, JDBCType.OTHER);
        }
    }
}