The paths configuration in your tsconfig.json is supposed to be placed inside the compilerOptions. Like this:

{
  "extends": "astro/tsconfigs/strict",
  "include": [".astro/types.d.ts", "**/*"],
  "exclude": ["dist"],
  "compilerOptions": {
    "verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
    "baseUrl": ".",
    "paths": {
      "@components/*": ["./src/components/*"],
      "@layouts/*": ["./src/layouts/*"],
      "@assets/*": ["./src/assets/*"],
      "@styles/*": ["./src/styles/*"]
    }
  }
}

Read more here; https://www.typescriptlang.org/tsconfig/#paths