This doesn't seem to have anything to do with SQL server CDC as such, but more that the JVM heap space is insufficient for the volume of data the Airbyte worker is attempting to process.

I haven't used Airbyte but heap space is a configurable option at the JVM level. The values.yml file shown is setting the JVM heap space to a size equal to 80% of the available RAM (-XX:MaxRAMPercentage=80.0).

I'm guessing that this means the JVM has access to 80% of the memory configured for the worker container which if I am understaing the configuration file could be as little as 80% of 1 Gi (i.e. 858 MiB).