The [SQLITE_BUSY] The database file is locked error in general (whether in Java or any other programming language) occurs when SQLite cannot acquire a lock on the database file, typically because another connection or process is using it.
if you are opening sqlite GUI and altering any column at the same time you need to modify the DB through your terminal you will get this error. so, try to close the GUI you are using now and try to run your program. and that because there are multiple threads or processes are accessing the database simultaneously.
the first point often happens but sometimes the issue occurs if the previous database connection wasn't closed properly which you have to use "try, catch" statements to open/close the DB properly.
If your application uses multiple threads, ensure they share the same connection rather than creating a new one for each thread.