Short answer: yes

The use of java record is mentioned in the documentation about object mapping

Object creation

Spring Data automatically tries to detect a persistent entity’s constructor to be used to materialize objects of that type. The resolution algorithm works as follows:

[...]
4. If the type is a Java Record the canonical constructor is used.
[...]

Using annotations with records is not explicitly mentioned, but I was able to use annotation without any issue (spring data cassandra 4.2.x).