Karafka author here. Please see this thread: https://github.com/karafka/karafka-rdkafka/issues/126

I am actively working to provide a systematic solution that covers all the MacOS versions, meanwhile please put this in your zshrc:

export CPPFLAGS="-I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX15.0.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1/"