This symbol is present in libc++ package version 19.1.6, but not 18.1.8 (I'm going by what's present in Arch Linux package archive since that's my system, but it should be the same for all distros). Upgrading to libc++-19 should do the trick. You can also check which package owns the libc++.so you're currently linking to - if my assumption is correct, it should be libc++ <19.

If you didn't have this package available in repos, you'd have to upgrade the library manually, but since you already have clang-19, getting libc++-19 the same way shouldn't cause any trouble.

Note that various parts of the LLVM project are managed as separate packages - clang, llvm, libc++, libc++abi, lld... with their own matching versions. System update updates them all, but they don't all depend on each other, so updating one won't automatically update all.