I was facing the same issue.

I don't know why, but even if the beans.xml (the CDI deployment descriptor) is not required, it seems that putting it in your web application archive resolves the problem.

It should be located in the WEB-INF directory :

For a web application, the beans.xml deployment descriptor, if present, must be in the WEB-INF directory. For EJB modules or JAR files, the beans.xml deployment descriptor, if present, must be in the META-INF directory.

Introduction to Jakarta Contexts and Dependency Injection > Configuring a CDI Application

By convention, META-INF and WEB-INF folders are located under the webapp directory (Getting Started with Web Applications > The Web Application Archive > Building The Example Projects).