The problem had to do with missing OpenGL modules in the Debian environment.

Adding this:

libgl1 \
libglib2.0-0 \

in the Dockerfile solved the problem

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    libgl1 \
    libglib2.0-0 \
    libcairo2 \
    libpango1.0-0 \
    libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 \
    shared-mime-info \
    libgirepository1.0-dev \
    gir1.2-pango-1.0 \
    gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 \
    gir1.2-cairo-1.0 \
    python3-gi \
    python3-cairo \
    git \
    build-essential \
    curl \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*