I found the answer:

import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.util.List;


// Get jacoco agent jvm argument.
List<String> jvmArgs = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getInputArguments();
String jacocoAgentArg = jvmArgs.stream()
                .filter(arg -> arg.startsWith("-javaagent") && arg.contains("org.jacoco.agent"))
                .toArray(String[]::new)[0];