Using SpreadsheetApp.newCellImage() do work by using the following methods,.setSourceUrl().build() and here's a code snippet that could help.
function myFunction() {
const image = "-DataURI-"
const imageBuild = SpreadsheetApp.newCellImage().setSourceUrl(image).build()
const sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
sheet.getRange(1, 1).setValue(imageBuild);
}
Sample Output:
References: