I ran into the same problem as you described and couldn’t figure out what caused the significant lag suddenly introduced when running sail artisan commands.
The issue started right after updating Docker Desktop to version 4.38.0, but since I had never experienced any issues after an update before, I didn’t immediately suspect it to be the cause.
After reading your post, I uninstalled Docker Desktop 4.38.0, downgraded back to 4.37.2, and rebuilt Sail without using cache.
After that, everything was back to the speed I was used to.
Hope that helps!
Kind regards