No, you can't install recent version(s) of Node JS directly using brew, nvm, n, or macports. You tried to install Node JS 21 binary from macports, which failed (expected!) because the binary was not built to be compatible with macOS High Sierra. The highest version of Node JS binary that is compatible with High Sierra is Node JS 17.

If you still want to install Node JS 22 on High Sierra, use a binary that is custom built for macOS 10.13. Otherwise, building Node JS 22 from source will always fail if you use default Apple LLVM compiler that's shipped with High Sierra.