In Visual Studio 2022 and .net core 8 using the Properties/launchSettings.json worked best for me.

For dockerized applications this section is generated: enter image description here

Adding httpPort and sslPort worked like a charm:

"Container (Dockerfile)": {
  "commandName": "Docker",
  "launchBrowser": true,
  "launchUrl": "{Scheme}://{ServiceHost}:{ServicePort}/swagger",
  "environmentVariables": {
    "ASPNETCORE_HTTP_PORTS": "8080"
  },
  "httpPort": 8082,
  "sslPort": 8083,
  "useSSL": true,
  "publishAllPorts": true
}