Answering my own question in case it helps someone:

1. Install the source version of sqlite: https://www.sqlite.org/2025/sqlite-src-3490000.zip
2. Add path_to_install_directory/sqlite/lib to LD_LIBRARY_PATH
3. Add path_to_install_directory/sqlite/bin to PATH
4. Compile python with CPPFLAGS="-I path_to_install_directory/sqlite/include" ./configure && make -j16 install